Dissolved oxygen and water temperature...

The warmer the water the more air you need...

Nigel Caddock NI

There is a fundamental connection between water temperature and DO saturation. Other factors of course affect it too, notably height above sea level, but I believe its vital to understand that as water temperatures rise its ability to retain oxygen falls. Don't take risks - measure D.O. then use that information to manage the oxygen levels in your system! Dissolved oxygen is expressed in milligrams per litre, and based on long experience - all gained the hard way - we strongly suggest you use our Koi Safe DO levels in the end column as your guide.

Water Temperature (F/C) Saturation (mg/l) Koi Safe DO Levels
0/32 14.6 10.9
5/41 12.8 9.5
10/50 11.3 8.5
12/53 10.7 8.0
15/59 10.1 7.6
18/64 9.4 7.0
20/68 9.1 6.8
23/73 8.6 6.5
25/77 8.3 6.2
28/82 7.8 5.9
30/86 7.6 5.7
32/89 7.3 5.5